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International audience ; Given the current climate and anthropogenic evolution, water management becomes one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Number of studies have analyzed observed hydrologic trends and their connections with the changing climate. Impacts include changes in runoff, river discharge and groundwater recharge. Water quality is also impacted, through its many facets including the water temperature. Despite the important progress made in climate modelling, the impact of the predicted global warming on hydrological processes remains uncertain; particularly, in large hydrosystems. The Seine River basin has a surface of 78,650 km², it includes the Seine River and its 50 tributaries, it is populated by 30% of France inhabitants. The Seine River basin crosses 14 departments and 4 regions, including the Paris metropolitan area. Climate change poses a vulnerability due to its potential political, social, and economic consequences in the Seine basin. The agricultural activities and number industries depend on water resources or are located on the river sides. Our ability to adapt water resource management strategies to the climate change depends on our ability to understand and estimate the actual evolution of water resource. The terrestrial water budget is now considered as a single continuum. This integrated conceptualisation needs to simulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of water exchanges between the surface and groundwater. Here we propose to improve the representation of the surface water budget with the goal to decrease the uncertainty of the whole water budget of the Seine hydrosystem. We used the process-based physical land surface model ORCHIDEE (tag 2.2) to estimate surface water budget and heat balance for the period 1980-2018. This application takes advantage of high resolution land-use and albedo maps from ESA-CCI database, and various soil map databases. The model was satisfactorily able to reproduce the discharges of each sub-catchment, the actual evapotranspiration fluxes and LAI. With these results, we are able to estimate the the partitioning of the surface water balance of each catchment of the Seine basin. These results have wide ranging implications such as the estimation of energy balance in the basin, the estimation of spatialisation of the aquifer recharge, and the feedback between aquifers and the surface.

International audience ; Given the current climate and anthropogenic evolution, water management becomes one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Number of studies have analyzed observed hydrologic trends and their connections with the changing climate. Impacts include changes in runoff, river discharge and groundwater recharge. Water quality is also impacted, through its many facets including the water temperature. Despite the important progress made in climate modelling, the impact of the predicted global warming on hydrological processes remains uncertain; particularly, in large hydrosystems. The Seine River basin has a surface of 78,650 km², it includes the Seine River and its 50 tributaries, it is populated by 30% of France inhabitants. The Seine River basin crosses 14 departments and 4 regions, including the Paris metropolitan area. Climate change poses a vulnerability due to its potential political, social, and economic consequences in the Seine basin. The agricultural activities and number industries depend on water resources or are located on the river sides. Our ability to adapt water resource management strategies to the climate change depends on our ability to understand and estimate the actual evolution of water resource. The terrestrial water budget is now considered as a single continuum. This integrated conceptualisation needs to simulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of water exchanges between the surface and groundwater. Here we propose to improve the representation of the surface water budget with the goal to decrease the uncertainty of the whole water budget of the Seine hydrosystem. We used the process-based physical land surface model ORCHIDEE (tag 2.2) to estimate surface water budget and heat balance for the period 1980-2018. This application takes advantage of high resolution land-use and albedo maps from ESA-CCI database, and various soil map databases. The model was satisfactorily able to reproduce the discharges of each sub-catchment, the actual evapotranspiration ...

International audience ; Given the current climate and anthropogenic evolution, water management becomes one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Number of studies have analyzed observed hydrologic trends and their connections with the changing climate. Impacts include changes in runoff, river discharge and groundwater recharge. Water quality is also impacted, through its many facets including the water temperature. Despite the important progress made in climate modelling, the impact of the predicted global warming on hydrological processes remains uncertain; particularly, in large hydrosystems. The Seine River basin has a surface of 78,650 km², it includes the Seine River and its 50 tributaries, it is populated by 30% of France inhabitants. The Seine River basin crosses 14 departments and 4 regions, including the Paris metropolitan area. Climate change poses a vulnerability due to its potential political, social, and economic consequences in the Seine basin. The agricultural activities and number industries depend on water resources or are located on the river sides. Our ability to adapt water resource management strategies to the climate change depends on our ability to understand and estimate the actual evolution of water resource. The terrestrial water budget is now considered as a single continuum. This integrated conceptualisation needs to simulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of water exchanges between the surface and groundwater. Here we propose to improve the representation of the surface water budget with the goal to decrease the uncertainty of the whole water budget of the Seine hydrosystem. We used the process-based physical land surface model ORCHIDEE (tag 2.2) to estimate surface water budget and heat balance for the period 1980-2018. This application takes advantage of high resolution land-use and albedo maps from ESA-CCI database, and various soil map databases. The model was satisfactorily able to reproduce the discharges of each sub-catchment, the actual evapotranspiration ...

International audience ; Given the current climate and anthropogenic evolution, water management becomes one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Number of studies have analyzed observed hydrologic trends and their connections with the changing climate. Impacts include changes in runoff, river discharge and groundwater recharge. Water quality is also impacted, through its many facets including the water temperature. Despite the important progress made in climate modelling, the impact of the predicted global warming on hydrological processes remains uncertain; particularly, in large hydrosystems. The Seine River basin has a surface of 78,650 km², it includes the Seine River and its 50 tributaries, it is populated by 30% of France inhabitants. The Seine River basin crosses 14 departments and 4 regions, including the Paris metropolitan area. Climate change poses a vulnerability due to its potential political, social, and economic consequences in the Seine basin. The agricultural activities and number industries depend on water resources or are located on the river sides. Our ability to adapt water resource management strategies to the climate change depends on our ability to understand and estimate the actual evolution of water resource. The terrestrial water budget is now considered as a single continuum. This integrated conceptualisation needs to simulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of water exchanges between the surface and groundwater. Here we propose to improve the representation of the surface water budget with the goal to decrease the uncertainty of the whole water budget of the Seine hydrosystem. We used the process-based physical land surface model ORCHIDEE (tag 2.2) to estimate surface water budget and heat balance for the period 1980-2018. This application takes advantage of high resolution land-use and albedo maps from ESA-CCI database, and various soil map databases. The model was satisfactorily able to reproduce the discharges of each sub-catchment, the actual evapotranspiration ...

International audience ; Given the current climate and anthropogenic evolution, water management becomes one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Number of studies have analyzed observed hydrologic trends and their connections with the changing climate. Impacts include changes in runoff, river discharge and groundwater recharge. Water quality is also impacted, through its many facets including the water temperature. Despite the important progress made in climate modelling, the impact of the predicted global warming on hydrological processes remains uncertain; particularly, in large hydrosystems. The Seine River basin has a surface of 78,650 km², it includes the Seine River and its 50 tributaries, it is populated by 30% of France inhabitants. The Seine River basin crosses 14 departments and 4 regions, including the Paris metropolitan area. Climate change poses a vulnerability due to its potential political, social, and economic consequences in the Seine basin. The agricultural activities and number industries depend on water resources or are located on the river sides. Our ability to adapt water resource management strategies to the climate change depends on our ability to understand and estimate the actual evolution of water resource. The terrestrial water budget is now considered as a single continuum. This integrated conceptualisation needs to simulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of water exchanges between the surface and groundwater. Here we propose to improve the representation of the surface water budget with the goal to decrease the uncertainty of the whole water budget of the Seine hydrosystem. We used the process-based physical land surface model ORCHIDEE (tag 2.2) to estimate surface water budget and heat balance for the period 1980-2018. This application takes advantage of high resolution land-use and albedo maps from ESA-CCI database, and various soil map databases. The model was satisfactorily able to reproduce the discharges of each sub-catchment, the actual evapotranspiration ...

International audience ; Given the current climate and anthropogenic evolution, water management becomes one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Number of studies have analyzed observed hydrologic trends and their connections with the changing climate. Impacts include changes in runoff, river discharge and groundwater recharge. Water quality is also impacted, through its many facets including the water temperature. Despite the important progress made in climate modelling, the impact of the predicted global warming on hydrological processes remains uncertain; particularly, in large hydrosystems. The Seine River basin has a surface of 78,650 km², it includes the Seine River and its 50 tributaries, it is populated by 30% of France inhabitants. The Seine River basin crosses 14 departments and 4 regions, including the Paris metropolitan area. Climate change poses a vulnerability due to its potential political, social, and economic consequences in the Seine basin. The agricultural activities and number industries depend on water resources or are located on the river sides. Our ability to adapt water resource management strategies to the climate change depends on our ability to understand and estimate the actual evolution of water resource. The terrestrial water budget is now considered as a single continuum. This integrated conceptualisation needs to simulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of water exchanges between the surface and groundwater. Here we propose to improve the representation of the surface water budget with the goal to decrease the uncertainty of the whole water budget of the Seine hydrosystem. We used the process-based physical land surface model ORCHIDEE (tag 2.2) to estimate surface water budget and heat balance for the period 1980-2018. This application takes advantage of high resolution land-use and albedo maps from ESA-CCI database, and various soil map databases. The model was satisfactorily able to reproduce the discharges of each sub-catchment, the actual evapotranspiration ...

International audience ; Given the current climate and anthropogenic evolution, water management becomes one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Number of studies have analyzed observed hydrologic trends and their connections with the changing climate. Impacts include changes in runoff, river discharge and groundwater recharge. Water quality is also impacted, through its many facets including the water temperature. Despite the important progress made in climate modelling, the impact of the predicted global warming on hydrological processes remains uncertain; particularly, in large hydrosystems. The Seine River basin has a surface of 78,650 km², it includes the Seine River and its 50 tributaries, it is populated by 30% of France inhabitants. The Seine River basin crosses 14 departments and 4 regions, including the Paris metropolitan area. Climate change poses a vulnerability due to its potential political, social, and economic consequences in the Seine basin. The agricultural activities and number industries depend on water resources or are located on the river sides. Our ability to adapt water resource management strategies to the climate change depends on our ability to understand and estimate the actual evolution of water resource. The terrestrial water budget is now considered as a single continuum. This integrated conceptualisation needs to simulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of water exchanges between the surface and groundwater. Here we propose to improve the representation of the surface water budget with the goal to decrease the uncertainty of the whole water budget of the Seine hydrosystem. We used the process-based physical land surface model ORCHIDEE (tag 2.2) to estimate surface water budget and heat balance for the period 1980-2018. This application takes advantage of high resolution land-use and albedo maps from ESA-CCI database, and various soil map databases. The model was satisfactorily able to reproduce the discharges of each sub-catchment, the actual evapotranspiration ...

International audience ; Given the current climate and anthropogenic evolution, water management becomes one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Number of studies have analyzed observed hydrologic trends and their connections with the changing climate. Impacts include changes in runoff, river discharge and groundwater recharge. Water quality is also impacted, through its many facets including the water temperature. Despite the important progress made in climate modelling, the impact of the predicted global warming on hydrological processes remains uncertain; particularly, in large hydrosystems. The Seine River basin has a surface of 78,650 km², it includes the Seine River and its 50 tributaries, it is populated by 30% of France inhabitants. The Seine River basin crosses 14 departments and 4 regions, including the Paris metropolitan area. Climate change poses a vulnerability due to its potential political, social, and economic consequences in the Seine basin. The agricultural activities and number industries depend on water resources or are located on the river sides. Our ability to adapt water resource management strategies to the climate change depends on our ability to understand and estimate the actual evolution of water resource. The terrestrial water budget is now considered as a single continuum. This integrated conceptualisation needs to simulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of water exchanges between the surface and groundwater. Here we propose to improve the representation of the surface water budget with the goal to decrease the uncertainty of the whole water budget of the Seine hydrosystem. We used the process-based physical land surface model ORCHIDEE (tag 2.2) to estimate surface water budget and heat balance for the period 1980-2018. This application takes advantage of high resolution land-use and albedo maps from ESA-CCI database, and various soil map databases. The model was satisfactorily able to reproduce the discharges of each sub-catchment, the actual evapotranspiration ...

International audience ; Given the current climate and anthropogenic evolution, water management becomes one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Number of studies have analyzed observed hydrologic trends and their connections with the changing climate. Impacts include changes in runoff, river discharge and groundwater recharge. Water quality is also impacted, through its many facets including the water temperature. Despite the important progress made in climate modelling, the impact of the predicted global warming on hydrological processes remains uncertain; particularly, in large hydrosystems. The Seine River basin has a surface of 78,650 km², it includes the Seine River and its 50 tributaries, it is populated by 30% of France inhabitants. The Seine River basin crosses 14 departments and 4 regions, including the Paris metropolitan area. Climate change poses a vulnerability due to its potential political, social, and economic consequences in the Seine basin. The agricultural activities and number industries depend on water resources or are located on the river sides. Our ability to adapt water resource management strategies to the climate change depends on our ability to understand and estimate the actual evolution of water resource. The terrestrial water budget is now considered as a single continuum. This integrated conceptualisation needs to simulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of water exchanges between the surface and groundwater. Here we propose to improve the representation of the surface water budget with the goal to decrease the uncertainty of the whole water budget of the Seine hydrosystem. We used the process-based physical land surface model ORCHIDEE (tag 2.2) to estimate surface water budget and heat balance for the period 1980-2018. This application takes advantage of high resolution land-use and albedo maps from ESA-CCI database, and various soil map databases. The model was satisfactorily able to reproduce the discharges of each sub-catchment, the actual evapotranspiration ...

International audience ; Given the current climate and anthropogenic evolution, water management becomes one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Number of studies have analyzed observed hydrologic trends and their connections with the changing climate. Impacts include changes in runoff, river discharge and groundwater recharge. Water quality is also impacted, through its many facets including the water temperature. Despite the important progress made in climate modelling, the impact of the predicted global warming on hydrological processes remains uncertain; particularly, in large hydrosystems. The Seine River basin has a surface of 78,650 km², it includes the Seine River and its 50 tributaries, it is populated by 30% of France inhabitants. The Seine River basin crosses 14 departments and 4 regions, including the Paris metropolitan area. Climate change poses a vulnerability due to its potential political, social, and economic consequences in the Seine basin. The agricultural activities and number industries depend on water resources or are located on the river sides. Our ability to adapt water resource management strategies to the climate change depends on our ability to understand and estimate the actual evolution of water resource. The terrestrial water budget is now considered as a single continuum. This integrated conceptualisation needs to simulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of water exchanges between the surface and groundwater. Here we propose to improve the representation of the surface water budget with the goal to decrease the uncertainty of the whole water budget of the Seine hydrosystem. We used the process-based physical land surface model ORCHIDEE (tag 2.2) to estimate surface water budget and heat balance for the period 1980-2018. This application takes advantage of high resolution land-use and albedo maps from ESA-CCI database, and various soil map databases. The model was satisfactorily able to reproduce the discharges of each sub-catchment, the actual evapotranspiration ...

Paris Agreement. This study provides a consolidated synthesis of estimates for all anthropogenic and natural sources and sinks of CO2 for the European Union and UK (EU27 + UK), derived from a combination of state-of-the-art bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) data sources and models. Given the wide scope of the work and the variety of datasets involved, this study focuses on identifying essential questions which need to be answered to properly understand the differences between various datasets, in particular with regards to the less-well-characterized fluxes from managed ecosystems. The work integrates recent emission inventory data, process-based ecosystem model results, data-driven sector model results and inverse modeling estimates over the period 1990–2018. BU and TD products are compared with European national greenhouse gas inventories (NGHGIs) reported under the UNFCCC in 2019, aiming to assess and understand the differences between approaches. For the uncertainties in NGHGIs, we used the standard deviation obtained by varying parameters of inventory calculations, reported by the member states following the IPCC Guidelines. Variation in estimates produced with other methods, like atmospheric inversion models (TD) or spatially disaggregated inventory datasets (BU), arises from diverse sources including within-model uncertainty related to parameterization as well as structural differences between models. In comparing NGHGIs with other approaches, a key source of uncertainty is that related to different system boundaries and emission categories (CO2 fossil) and the use of different land use definitions for reporting emissions from land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities (CO2 land). At the EU27 + UK level, the NGHGI (2019) fossil CO2 emissions (including cement production) account for 2624 Tg CO2 in 2014 while all the other seven bottom-up sources are consistent with the NGHGIs and report a mean of 2588 (± 463 Tg CO2). The inversion reports 2700 Tg CO2 (± 480 Tg CO2), which is well in line with the national inventories. Over 2011–2015, the CO2 land sources and sinks from NGHGI estimates report −90 Tg C yr−1 ± 30 Tg C yr−1 while all other BU approaches report a mean sink of −98 Tg C yr−1 (± 362 Tg of C from dynamic global vegetation models only). For the TD model ensemble results, we observe a much larger spread for regional inversions (i.e., mean of 253 Tg C yr−1 ± 400 Tg C yr−1). This concludes that (a) current independent approaches are consistent with NGHGIs and (b) their uncertainty is too large to allow a verification because of model differences and probably also because of the definition of "CO2 flux" obtained from different approaches. The referenced datasets related to figures are visualized at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4626578 (Petrescu et al., 2020a). ; publishedVersion

International audience ; Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventories represent the link between national and international political actions on climate change, and climate and environmental sciences. Inventory agencies need to include, in national GHG inventories, emission and removal estimates based on scientific data following specific reporting guidance under the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement, using the methodologies defined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines. Often however, research communities and inventory agencies have approached the problem of climate change from different angles and by using terminologies, metrics, rules and approaches that do not always match. This is particularly true dealing with "Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry" (LULUCF), the most challenging among the inventory sectors to deal with, mainly because of high level of complexity of its carbon dynamics and the difficulties in disaggregating the fluxes between those caused by natural and anthropogenic processes.In this paper, we facilitate the understanding by research communities of the current (UNFCCC) and future (under the Paris Agreement) reporting requirements, and we identify the main issues and topics that should be considered when targeting improvement of the GHG inventory.In relation to these topics, we describe where and how the research community can contribute to producing useful inputs, data, methods and solutions for inventory agencies and policy makers, on the basis of available literature. However, a greater effort by both communities is desirable for closer cooperation and collaboration, for data sharing and the understanding of respective and common aims.

International audience ; Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventories represent the link between national and international political actions on climate change, and climate and environmental sciences. Inventory agencies need to include, in national GHG inventories, emission and removal estimates based on scientific data following specific reporting guidance under the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement, using the methodologies defined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines. Often however, research communities and inventory agencies have approached the problem of climate change from different angles and by using terminologies, metrics, rules and approaches that do not always match. This is particularly true dealing with "Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry" (LULUCF), the most challenging among the inventory sectors to deal with, mainly because of high level of complexity of its carbon dynamics and the difficulties in disaggregating the fluxes between those caused by natural and anthropogenic processes.In this paper, we facilitate the understanding by research communities of the current (UNFCCC) and future (under the Paris Agreement) reporting requirements, and we identify the main issues and topics that should be considered when targeting improvement of the GHG inventory.In relation to these topics, we describe where and how the research community can contribute to producing useful inputs, data, methods and solutions for inventory agencies and policy makers, on the basis of available literature. However, a greater effort by both communities is desirable for closer cooperation and collaboration, for data sharing and the understanding of respective and common aims.

International audience ; Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventories represent the link between national and international political actions on climate change, and climate and environmental sciences. Inventory agencies need to include, in national GHG inventories, emission and removal estimates based on scientific data following specific reporting guidance under the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement, using the methodologies defined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines. Often however, research communities and inventory agencies have approached the problem of climate change from different angles and by using terminologies, metrics, rules and approaches that do not always match. This is particularly true dealing with "Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry" (LULUCF), the most challenging among the inventory sectors to deal with, mainly because of high level of complexity of its carbon dynamics and the difficulties in disaggregating the fluxes between those caused by natural and anthropogenic processes.In this paper, we facilitate the understanding by research communities of the current (UNFCCC) and future (under the Paris Agreement) reporting requirements, and we identify the main issues and topics that should be considered when targeting improvement of the GHG inventory.In relation to these topics, we describe where and how the research community can contribute to producing useful inputs, data, methods and solutions for inventory agencies and policy makers, on the basis of available literature. However, a greater effort by both communities is desirable for closer cooperation and collaboration, for data sharing and the understanding of respective and common aims.

International audience ; Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventories represent the link between national and international political actions on climate change, and climate and environmental sciences. Inventory agencies need to include, in national GHG inventories, emission and removal estimates based on scientific data following specific reporting guidance under the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement, using the methodologies defined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines. Often however, research communities and inventory agencies have approached the problem of climate change from different angles and by using terminologies, metrics, rules and approaches that do not always match. This is particularly true dealing with "Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry" (LULUCF), the most challenging among the inventory sectors to deal with, mainly because of high level of complexity of its carbon dynamics and the difficulties in disaggregating the fluxes between those caused by natural and anthropogenic processes.In this paper, we facilitate the understanding by research communities of the current (UNFCCC) and future (under the Paris Agreement) reporting requirements, and we identify the main issues and topics that should be considered when targeting improvement of the GHG inventory.In relation to these topics, we describe where and how the research community can contribute to producing useful inputs, data, methods and solutions for inventory agencies and policy makers, on the basis of available literature. However, a greater effort by both communities is desirable for closer cooperation and collaboration, for data sharing and the understanding of respective and common aims.